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RECENSÕES
REVIEWS
GALILEU · e-ISSN 2184-1845 · Volume XXIII · Issue Fascículo 1-2 · 1st January Janeiro – 31st December Dezembro 2022 · pp. 124-130
parency mechanisms such as increased
media coverage and greater citizen access
to public information required in a demo-
cracy. Overall, the reputational, political,
and legal forms of accountability grew in
the context of responding to grand corrup-
tion.
Endogenous reforms occurred due
mainly to agencies responsible for the
implementation of anticorruption tasks.
They involved innovations at the orga-
nizational level, such as training and
specialization programs, initiatives for
interagency coordination, and the develo-
pment of new technologies and processes.
ENCCLA (Strategy for AntiCorruption and
Anti-Money Laundering), the proliferation
of task forces, and the establishment of
courts specializing in financial crimes are
examples of the endogenous reforms.
At a grassroots level, new civil society
organizations devoted to issues of crime,
corruption, voting rights, and improved
public sector performance. They included
in the anticorruption work Amarribo, Arti-
culaçao Brasileira Centra a Corrupção e a
Impunidade (ABRACCI), Instituto Ethos
de Empresas e Responsabilidade Social,
Movemento de Combate à Corrupção Elec-
toral (MCCE), Transparencies Brasil, and
Observatório Social do Brasil.
Chapter 4 evaluates the big push which
occurred in Lava Jato. The chapter discus-
ses the contingent and highly contextual
factors, and the longer-term institutional
changes that had incrementally accumula-
ted over the prior three decades in Brazil.
The authors underscore the various capa-
cities in the accountability institutions in
Brazil as a whole, and especially in Lava
Jato’s headquarters in Curitiba. The legal
and political strategies used by the task
force of prosecutors and investigators to
help judicial cases progress are reviewed,
as well as the context of severe political
gridlock that prevented any credible threat
of political interference in the investiga-
tions, particularly during the operation’s
first two years. The chapter underscores
how the task force achieved a big push
through legal action, a media push, broad
public engagement, and a reform effort
that tried for ambitious changes in the
statutory rules governing corruption pro-
secutions.
Lava Jato signaled the court’s unu-
sual proactivity and its decision to con-
vict powerful political figures, including
Lula’s former chief of staff, José Dirceu.
All the anticorruption investigations, the
impeachment of Dilma Rouseff reflected
declining popular support by political eli-
tes and rising dissatisfaction of the popu-
lation with political leaders. In 2012 and
2013, Congress enacted three important
new laws: (1) the reform of the 1998 Anti-
-Money laundering Law; (2) the Anti-Cor-
ruption Law; and (3) the Organized crime
Law. These laws formally instituted plea
bargaining, corporate liability for corrup-
tion, leniency agreements, and penalties
for racketeering. Capacity was increased